After a conference held in January 1944 in Canberra between Australia and New Zealand to discuss their common interests, and in particular joint policy regarding the South-West Pacific region, a joint declaration, the Australia-New Zealand Agreement, 1944 (ANZAC), was signed on Jan. 21.
The two governments agreed that a "regional zone of defence comprising the South-West and South Pacific areas shall be established and that this zone should be based on Australia and New Zealand, stretching through the arch of islands north and north-east of Australia to Western Samoa and the Cook Islands."
In regard to dependent territories, the two governments declared that "the interim administration and ultimate disposal of enemy territories in the Pacific is of vital importance to Australia and New Zealand and that any such disposal should be effected only with their agreement and as part of  a general Pacific agreement", and that "no change in the sovereignty of any of the islands of the Pacific should be effected except as the result of an agreement to which they are parties".
In implementation of a further decision of the ANZAC Agreement, a South Pacific Commission was set up on Feb. 6, 1947.

A tripartite security system between Australia, New Zealand and the United States was signed on Sept. 1, 1951, in San Francisco, and came into force on April 29, 1952.  The treaty is known as the Pacific Security Treaty or, more usually, the ANZUS Pact.  The latter name derives from the initials of the three signatory countries.

The possibility of a pact between Australia, New Zealand and the United States had been discussed in February 1951, when the US President's adviser on foreign affairs, John Foster Dulles, visited the Australian and New Zealand capitals.  On April 18, 1951, President Truman announced from Washington that the Australian and New Zealand Governments, in view of the impending re-establishment of peace with Japan (the Japanese peace treaty was signed on Sept. 8, 1951), had suggested to the United States an arrangement between the three countries which would "make it clear that no one of the three would be indifferent to an armed attack upon the others in the Pacific", and which would,establish consultation to strengthen security on the basis of continuous and effective self-help and mutual aid".

The Treaty

The text of the Pacific Security Treaty was released on July 12, 1951.  The preamble runs as follows:
The parties to this treaty:

"reaffirming their faith in the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and governments, and desiring to strengthen the fabric of peace in the Pacific area;

"noting that the United States has already arrangements pursuant to which its armed forces are stationed in the Philippines, and has armed forces and administrative responsibilities in the Ryukyus, and, upon the coming into force of the Japanese peace treaty, may also station armed forces in and about Japan to assist in the preservation of peace and security in the Japan area;

"recognizing that Australia and New Zealand, as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations, have military obligations outside as well as within the Pacific area;

"desiring to declare publicly and formally their sense of unity, so that no potential aggressor could be under the illusion that any of them stand alone in the Pacific area and

"desiring further to co-ordinate their efforts for collective defence for the preservation of peace and security pending the development of a more comprehensive system of regional security in the Pacific area;

"declare and agree as follows . .

The terms of the treaty are contained in 11 articles summarized below:

Art. 1.
The parties undertook, in conformity with the UN Charter, to settle by peaceful means any international disputes in which they might be involved, and to refrain in their international relations from the use of force in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations.

Art. 2.
In order more effectively to achieve the objectives of the treaty, the parties would maintain and develop their individual and collective capacity to resist armed attack "by means of continuous self-help and mutual aid".

Art. 3.
The parties would consult together, when, in the opinion of any one of them, the territorial integrity, political independence or security of any of then was threatened in the Pacific.

Art. 4.
Each party recognizes that an armed attack in the Pacific area on any of the other parties would be dangerous to its own peace and safety, and declares that it would act to meet the common danger in accordance with its constitutional processes." Any such attack, and all measures taken as a result of such attack, would be reported to the UN Security Council.  Such measures would be terminated when the Security Council had taken the necessary steps to restore and maintain international peace and security.

Art. 5.
For the purpose of Art. 4, an armed attack on any of the three countries would be deemed to include "an armed attack on the metropolitan territory of any of the parties, or on the island territories under its jurisdiction in the Pacific, or on its armed forces, vessels or aircraft in the Pacific".

Art. 6.
The treaty would not affect the rights and obligations of the three countries under the UN Charter, or the responsibility of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security.

Art. 7.
The three countries would establish a Council, consisting of their Foreign Ministers or deputies, to consider matters concerning the implementation of the treaty.  The Council would be organized so as to be able to meet at any time.

Art 8.
Pending the development of a more comprehensive regional security system in the Pacific, and the development by the United Nations of more effective means to maintain international peace and security, the Council, established under Art. 7, would maintain a consultative relationship with states, regional organizations, associations of states, and other authorities in the Pacific area which were in a position to further the purpose of the treaty and contribute to the security of the area.

Art. 9.
 The treaty would be ratified by the three countries in accordance with their respective constitutional processes. Instruments of ratification would be deposited with the Australian Government, and the treaty would enter into force as soon as the ratifications of the signatories had been deposited.

Art. 10.
The treaty would remain in force indefinitely.  Any party to the treaty could cease to be a member of the Council established under Art. 7 one year after notification to the Australian Government.

Art. 11.
The treaty, drawn up in the English language, would be deposited in the archives of the Australian Government, which would make copies available to the other signatories

Organization

The Pacific Council.  The organ of the ANZUS pact is the Council—known as the Pacific Council—set up under Article 7 of the treaty.  It is composed of the Foreign Ministers (or their deputies) of the signatory powers.  The Foreign Ministers generally meet once a year, but special Council meetings, attended by the deputies, are held in Washington more frequently.  The Council has no permanent staff or funds.

Military Representatives.  At the first meeting of the Pacific Council, held in Honolulu on Aug. 4-6, 1952, it was decided to create a military organization.  In this organization each of the three signatory countries is represented by a military officer, who attends Council meetings. The military representatives also hold their own meetings from time to time as required by circumstances.  Their function is to advise the Council on military co-operation in the Pacific. 

An agreement signed on March 20, 1966, between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States on the SPARTA project concerned the firing of certain re-entry vehicles from the Woomera test range (in Australia) and the use of special instrumentation to observe re-entry phenomena. 

On Feb. 1, 1985, the Australian government refused to allow the testing of nuclear devices or nuclear delivery systems on or above Australian territory, but agreed to allow US aircraft monitoring test flights of MX missiles to be stationed in Australia.

Le traité a été signé par 155 pays et ratifié par 53 pays au 16/2/2000. L'Australie a signé le 24/9/1996 et ratifié le 9/7/1998

L'Australie a signé le 08/08/63 et ratifié le 11/12/63

L'Australie a signé le 05/31/78 et ratifié le 09/07/84

An agreement was signed in Wellington on Aug. 31, 1965, by Australia and New Zealand on the establishment of a limited free trade area.  The agreement, covering commodities accounting for some 60 per cent of the value of trade between the two countries, and including forestry and dairy products, was to remain in force for a period of 10 years as from Jan. 1, 1966, and it was extended under an agreement of June 30, 1977. 

A South-East Asia Collective Defence Treaty was signed in Manila on Sept. 8, 1954, and came into force on Feb. 9, 1955.  The treaty was concluded by the governments of Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, the United Kingdom and the United States, which also agreed on the establishment of a South-East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) to be headed by the Council provided for in Art. 5 of the treaty.  This organization was, however, dissolved on June 30, 1977, Pakistan having left it in 1972 and France having withdrawn its financial contribution to it in 1974 after ceasing its participation in the organization's military activities in 1967; moreover, the United States as well as the Philippines and Thailand had improved their relations with the People's Republic of China. The treaty nevertheless remained in force.  It was accompanied by (i) a unilateral US declaration in the form of an "understanding" that the pact was directed against communist aggression; (ii) a protocol on Indo-China; and (iii) the "Pacific Charter", a general statement of principles signed by all the eight contracting parties.

Trade agreements, April 22, 1968, and July 24, 1973.
Agreement on coopération in science and technology, May 6, 1980.
Agreement on cultural coopération, April 29, 198 1.
Agreement on a programme for technical coopération for development, Oct. 2, 198 1. Agreement on agricultural coopération, May 17, 1984.
Agreement on economic and technical coopération in the iron and steel industry, Aug. 7, 1984.
Protocol on a progranune of coopération in agricultural research for development, Sept. 14, 1984. 

Founded. 1972, under UN-ESCAP sponsorship. In 1984 members signed a memorandum of understanding under which it assumed its present status as an independent, intergovernmental regional organization.
 Membership.  Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Western Samoa.
Activities.  The commission investigates mineral and other non-living resource potential; it gathers baseline data to aid coastal development; it co-ordinates marine geological and geophysical studies; it also trains nationals in the implementation and management of work programmes. 

Founded.1971.
Membership.  Australia, the Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Marshall Islands, the Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Western Samoa.
Activities.  The SPF was formed to provide an opportunity for informal discussions among its members on problems of common interest to them, and its decisions are reached by consensus.  It held its first meeting in Wellington (New Zealand) on Aug. 5-7, 1971, with Fiji, New Zealand, Tonga and Western Samoa being represented by their Prime Ministers, Nauru by its head of state, the Cook Islands by their Premier and Australia by its Minister of External Territories.

This treaty, prepared by a working group of the South Pacific Forum, was concluded on Aug. 5, 1985, at Rarotonga (Cook Islands) by Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Tuvalu and Western Samoa.
Parties to the treaty undertake to follow established nuclear non-proliferation measures, not to manufacture, acquire or have control of nuclear explosive devices, or to allow the stationing or testing of such devices within their territories, and to prevent the dumping of nuclear wastes, (principally on the insistence of Australia, the treaty placed no restrictions on access to the region by nuclear-armed or nuclear-powered ships add aircraft.)

Address.  P. O. Box D5,  98848 Noumea, Cedex New Caledonia.
Officer.  Ati George Sokumanu  (sec.-gen.).
Founded.  Feb. 6, 1947.
Membership.  Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, France, Guam, Kiribati, Northern Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, French Polynesia, American Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, United Kingdom, United States, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and Western Samoa.
Object.  To promote the social welfare and economic advancement of the island peoples in the region.
History.  The SPC was established by an agreement known as the Canberra agreement signed in Canberra, Australia by the governments of  Australia, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the UK and the USA.

An agreement regarding the status of forces in each state in the territory of the other state, signed on Jan. 26, 1977, came into force on Sept. 14, 1978.

A treaty on the démarcation of the Torres Strait border between Australia and Papua New Guinea was signed in Sydney (New South Wales) on Dec. 18, 1978.  The treaty involved agreement on a seabed resources délimitation line between the two countries to the north of several islands under Australian sovereignty and the recognition of a "protected zone" which included islands on both sides of the above délimitation line and in which the inhabitants would enjoy freedom movement in pursuit of their traditional way of life, mining and oil drilling would be prohibited for 10 years, and there would be an "équitable division" of fishing rights.  The treaty came into force on Feb. 15,

Multilateral